{"id":1693,"date":"2019-07-17T17:37:59","date_gmt":"2019-07-17T17:37:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vbbabogados.com\/?p=1693"},"modified":"2021-03-17T08:36:40","modified_gmt":"2021-03-17T08:36:40","slug":"partnership-agreement-clauses-and-their-compliance-contractual-remedies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vbbabogados.com\/en\/blog\/partnership-agreement-clauses-and-their-compliance-contractual-remedies\/","title":{"rendered":"Partnership agreement clauses and their compliance: Contractual remedies"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_81 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Informaci\u00f3n detallada<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e77d403a81a\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e77d403a81a\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/vbbabogados.com\/en\/blog\/partnership-agreement-clauses-and-their-compliance-contractual-remedies\/#Partnership_agreements\" >Partnership agreements\u00a0<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/vbbabogados.com\/en\/blog\/partnership-agreement-clauses-and-their-compliance-contractual-remedies\/#Contractual_limitations_on_the_transfer_of_shares_tag_and_drag_along_rights\" >Contractual limitations on the transfer of shares (tag and drag along\u00a0rights)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/vbbabogados.com\/en\/blog\/partnership-agreement-clauses-and-their-compliance-contractual-remedies\/#a_Drag-along_clauses\" >a)\u00a0 Drag-along clauses<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/vbbabogados.com\/en\/blog\/partnership-agreement-clauses-and-their-compliance-contractual-remedies\/#b_Tag-along_clauses_Oragreement_in_which_it_is_agreed_between_the_partners_that_in_case_a_third_party_intends_to_acquire_the_shares_of_one_of_the_partners_the_rest_will_have_the_right_to_offer_to_this_third_party_to_sell_their_shares_in_the_same_conditions_offered_and_in_proportion_to_their_participation_in_the_share_capital\" >b) Tag-along clauses \nOragreement in which it is agreed between the partners that in case a third party intends to acquire the shares of one of the partners, the rest will have the right to offer to this third party to sell their\u00a0 shares in the same conditions offered and in proportion to their participation in the share capital.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Partnership_agreements\"><\/span><b>Partnership agreements\u00a0<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>Are defined<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">as those<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">whereby<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><i style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;the\u00a0partners aim to<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><i style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">regulate, with the force of a mandatory link, aspects of corporate legal relationship<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">amongst them<\/span> <i style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">without using the channels specifically provided for this purpose in the law and the company statutes&#8221;.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p>Partnership agreements<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are therefore <strong>a contract<\/strong> and to the same will apply the remedies of the law of obligations<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in case of non-compliance by any of the signatory parties<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0For example, <\/span><b>article 1091 of the Spanish Civil Code<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">establishes that<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">obligations arising from<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">contracts<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">have the force of law between the contracting parties, and must be complied with in accordance with them<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8221; or <\/span><b>article 1256 of the Civil Code<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">provides that<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;the\u00a0validity and enforceability of contracts cannot be left to one\u00a0party&#8221;. <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in case of a non-compliant partner of the signed agreement,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the remedies<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">provided by current legislation<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">may be applied.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, it is advisable that partnership agreements incorporate <\/span><b>clauses<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">establishing <\/span><b>guarantees<\/b><b>\u00a0<\/b><b>for the shareholders<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the event of contractual default by any of the partners, such as:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><b>specific<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><b>performance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; compensation for<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><b>damages<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">caused;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> establishment<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of <\/span><b>penalty clauses<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">being the last remedy and for the most serious situations the<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><b>resolution and termination of the contract<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The most common clauses<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">that usually contain the contracts or pacts between company partners, although they will vary depending on the<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">object<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of the<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">company, the interests of the partners or investors or the phase in which the project is found, could be the following (among many others):<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Commitment of permanence<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><b>(&#8220;vesting<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><b>&#8220;)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The partners agreement<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">usually regulates<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the establishment of a period of permanence in<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the company, usually of the founding partners,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">so that the acquisition of all the shares is subject to compliance with certain conditions,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">metrics or<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">milestones.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(relative to the functions of the shareholder in the company, attainment of clients or volume of<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">operations, &#8230;).<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The consolidation method is established over a period of time (annual, semi-annual &#8230;) after which, if the objectives have been met, the member gradually acquires a percentage of the shares until the total consolidation of the same.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Its application is ensured by granting the rest of the members a purchase option on the shares of the defaulting partners, and forcing the partner who disassociates from the company to sell the percentage of unconsolidated shares to the rest of the partners.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Contractual_limitations_on_the_transfer_of_shares_tag_and_drag_along_rights\"><\/span><b>Contractual limitations on the transfer of shares (tag and drag along\u00a0rights)<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the case of the shareholders who proceed to the transfer of their<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">shares in violation of the agreements signed or refuses to comply with the obligation to sell their shares,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a compliance action must be exercised:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"a_Drag-along_clauses\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span> <b>Drag-along clauses<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">State that<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">if a third party<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">wants to<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">buy<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the entire<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">share capital,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the partner who has the right to drag may force the other partners to<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sell the shares to the said third party, if\u00a0 determined conditions are met (for example number of votes in favour, minimum price subject to the valuation of the company, option of the rest of the partners to match the offer,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">term of transmission<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8230;) .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In order to guarantee compliance with this obligation, a purchase option is established in favour of the partner that holds the right to carry<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">out the actions of the non-complying partner for a price lower than that offered by the third party (penalty).<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"b_Tag-along_clauses_Oragreement_in_which_it_is_agreed_between_the_partners_that_in_case_a_third_party_intends_to_acquire_the_shares_of_one_of_the_partners_the_rest_will_have_the_right_to_offer_to_this_third_party_to_sell_their_shares_in_the_same_conditions_offered_and_in_proportion_to_their_participation_in_the_share_capital\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">b) <\/span><b>Tag-along clauses<br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Or<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">agreement in which it is agreed between the partners that in case a third party intends to acquire the shares of one of the partners, the rest will have the right to offer to this third party to sell their\u00a0 shares in the same conditions offered and in proportion to their participation in the share capital.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this case, in order to guarantee compliance with the agreement, it is<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">agreed that the non-compliant partner can be obliged to buy the shares of the rest of the at a higher price (penalty) than they would have sold to the third party.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Voting agreements<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is one of the most common partnership agreements:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The signatories of the contact agree to vote in a certain sense in the partnership board meetings.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Courts have admitted the validity of these covenants, but limited to the internal scope of the partners relationship, so not enforceable to the company.\u00a0 So, the vote cast by the partner eluding the discipline of vote will be valid in the company field regardless of the effects it generates in the private partners relationship.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the case of a non-compliant member who issues a vote in a meeting contrary to the agreement, it would be physically impossible to hold the meeting again for the issuance of a new vote, this vote will be effective against the company, so could be requested by the rest of injured partners the compensation for the damages suffered derived from the breach, according to the covenants established in the partnership.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Non-competition agreements<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: This agreement consists of requiring the exclusivity of the partners for the period established by committing themselves not to provide services for other persons or entities that compete in the scope of activity of the company, either directly or indirectly (by participating in said company), and usually also after the departure of the company.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regarding the duration of these covenants, Courts have declared excessive those that contemplate<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a duration of<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">more than<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><b>two years<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">from the departure of the<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">partner of<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vbbabogados.com\/en\/legal-aspects-of-technology-based-companies-the-partnership-agreement-in-the-startup-and-its-validity-in-spain\/\">the company<\/a>, applying for that purpose the labour legislation<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, so in case that is not possible to justify the reasons of a longer term of duration of the agreement it could be cancelled.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the event that a partner fails to comply with this obligation, they will be required to enforce it, but in addition, <strong>damage clauses can be established<\/strong>, imposing the payment of an economic amount to the non-complying partner, and causing their exclusion of the company.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Finally, in addition to establishing contractual provisions for specific compliance (so that the defaulting partner complies with the agreement) or the establishment of compensation for damages arising from the breach of the contract for the above cases,<strong> the partnership agreements must contemplate the causes that will lead to the termination of the contract<\/strong> in the case that one of the partners seriously breaches the obligations incumbent upon him as a last remedy to end the partners agreement in case of situations of blockade or ungovernability of the company, although, it can also be articulated a right of separation of the compliant partner and \/ or a right of exclusion of the non-compliant partner.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Partnership agreements\u00a0 Are defined\u00a0as those\u00a0whereby\u00a0&#8220;the\u00a0partners aim to\u00a0regulate, with the force of a mandatory link, aspects of corporate legal relationship\u00a0amongst them without using the channels specifically provided for this purpose in the law and the company statutes&#8221;. Partnership agreements are therefore a contract and to the same will apply the remedies of the law of obligations\u00a0in&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1696,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1693","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Partnership agreement clauses and their compliance: Contractual remedies - Boltas Boy&eacute; Abogados&reg;<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/vbbabogados.com\/en\/blog\/partnership-agreement-clauses-and-their-compliance-contractual-remedies\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Partnership agreement clauses and their compliance: Contractual remedies - Boltas Boy&eacute; Abogados&reg;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Partnership agreements\u00a0 Are defined\u00a0as those\u00a0whereby\u00a0&#8220;the\u00a0partners aim to\u00a0regulate, with the force of a mandatory link, aspects of corporate legal relationship\u00a0amongst them without using the channels specifically provided for this purpose in the law and the company statutes&#8221;. 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Partnership agreements are therefore a contract and to the same will apply the remedies of the law of obligations\u00a0in...","og_url":"https:\/\/vbbabogados.com\/en\/blog\/partnership-agreement-clauses-and-their-compliance-contractual-remedies\/","og_site_name":"Boltas Boy&eacute; Abogados&reg;","article_published_time":"2019-07-17T17:37:59+00:00","article_modified_time":"2021-03-17T08:36:40+00:00","og_image":[{"width":601,"height":400,"url":"https:\/\/vbbabogados.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Partnership-Agreement-clauses.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"VBB Abogados","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"VBB Abogados","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/vbbabogados.com\/en\/blog\/partnership-agreement-clauses-and-their-compliance-contractual-remedies\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/vbbabogados.com\/en\/blog\/partnership-agreement-clauses-and-their-compliance-contractual-remedies\/"},"author":{"name":"VBB Abogados","@id":"https:\/\/vbbabogados.com\/#\/schema\/person\/e757432e691b5bb0b26730f7a079f576"},"headline":"Partnership agreement clauses and their compliance: Contractual remedies","datePublished":"2019-07-17T17:37:59+00:00","dateModified":"2021-03-17T08:36:40+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/vbbabogados.com\/en\/blog\/partnership-agreement-clauses-and-their-compliance-contractual-remedies\/"},"wordCount":1088,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/vbbabogados.com\/en\/blog\/partnership-agreement-clauses-and-their-compliance-contractual-remedies\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/vbbabogados.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Partnership-Agreement-clauses.jpg","inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/vbbabogados.com\/en\/blog\/partnership-agreement-clauses-and-their-compliance-contractual-remedies\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/vbbabogados.com\/en\/blog\/partnership-agreement-clauses-and-their-compliance-contractual-remedies\/","url":"https:\/\/vbbabogados.com\/en\/blog\/partnership-agreement-clauses-and-their-compliance-contractual-remedies\/","name":"Partnership agreement clauses and their compliance: Contractual remedies - Boltas Boy&eacute; 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